When you are a California home owner facing financial hardship, it is important to act immediately to protect your home from being sold at auction. California is a trust sale state, which means that your bank doesn't have to go to court prior to auctioning off your home, but rather merely provide you with sufficient notice of default and trustee's sale. Therefore, when you first know that financial trouble lies ahead, you should begin planning to take evasive action right away. Here is a list of the top ten (and the #1 worst) methods for dealing with this situation.
1. REINSTATE THE LOAN (AKA "PAY IT")
The first and best option you have for avoiding foreclosure is to pay what you owe. This may be harder than it sounds, especially if you are in financial trouble. However, for some, it may be worth liquidating some personal property or taking out a personal loan from family or friends to buy some more time before you go into the Notice of Default (NOD) Period (90 days). If this is absolutely not an option, then you might consider Option #2...
2. MODIFY THE LOAN TERMS (AKA "LOWER YOUR PAYMENT")
More and more, banks are willing to simply go in and adjust your loan type, interest, or other terms to create a more workable situation for your finances that keeps them from having to pursue a foreclosure and keeps you in your home. The most common modification is to switch from one of these predatory subprime loans (negative amortization, adjustable rate, balloon seconds), to a more traditional thirty year fixed loan. These have lower interest rates, predictable payments, and most importantly, no awful surprises laying in wait. Talk to a lawyer in your area for representation.
3. REFINANCE THE LOAN (AKA "CLEAN SLATE")
This option is less common these days, especially due to the credit crunch on Wall Street. Most banks require such stellar credit for financing, that it is next to impossible for someone who has payment issues with their home loan already. However, bank programs change all the time, and you may just get lucky. Talk to a loan officer in your area to see if you might qualify.
4. FORBEARANCE (AKA "TAKE A TIME OUT")
Your bank may be willing to provide a period of forbearance on your loan (sometimes for a fee) which puts your payments on hold altogether for a period of time to help you get back on your feet. An alternative measure may also be to simply make decreased payments for a few months while you are facing hardship. Call your bank to deal with them directly before contacting an attorney to negotiate on your behalf.
5. PARTIAL CLAIM (AKA "LOAN ME SOME MORE")
A partial claim works similarly to a forbearance, except that the bank will actually add the months' of missed payments onto your loan as an additional loan on top of your mortgage. So, you get some time to get back on your feet, but the bank is going to make you pay double for it in the long run. At least you get to keep your home. If forbearance, above, is not an option, follow up with a partial claim offer, which sweetens the deal for the bank, and increases your chances of acceptance. It is wise to have a loan officer or attorney review the terms and conditions prior to signing any new loan documentation.
6. DEED IN LIEU OF FORECLOSURE (AKA "WALK AWAY")
The next couple options are not as appealing as the previous five, because most homeowners and families in default want to stay in their homes. These options all involve giving up your home, but possibly salvaging your credit so that you can start over. Deed in lieu of foreclosure basically saves you and the bank the heartache of fighting it out, and you simply walk away. It's possible for the same reason, above, that the bank can summarily sell your house from under you if you stop paying: California is a trust deed state. The mortgage is what bankers call a "secured" loan, which means that their only recourse on the loan is the home. You walk away, the banks gets the house, and that's the end of it.
7. SELL IT ("IF YOU CAN...")
If you're in Stockton, selling is probably 99% not likely to be an option. No other city in America has been hit as hard as Stockton, CA when it comes to the sub-prime mortgage debacle. At least 25% of homes are in foreclosure, and prices on all homes have plummeted to half their former value of just two years ago. - if you're in Stockton, consider deed in lieu, above: let the bank take the loss on the home's value, and save yourself hundreds of thousands in the long run.) However, if you are in a situation where you have equity in your home (its worth more than the mortgage), then you may be able to sell it at or slightly under market value and try to start over. This saves your credit and preserves your assets. Talk to a REALTOR